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HomeMy WebLinkAboutOrdinances_1834_CCv0001.pdf ORDINANCE NO. 1834' AN ORDINANCE OF THE CI'T'Y COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF R.E LANDS CONSOLIDATING AND REPEALING PORTIONS OF THE REDLANDS ORDINANCE CODE TO PROVIDE A COMPREHENSIVE NUISANCE ABATEMENT PROCEDURE THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF RE' LANDS aloes ordain as follows .-- SECTION ONE. That Article 541, Nuisance Abatement, be amended as follows : For Office Use : Ordinance No. 1834 Reue l Article 303 of Cade Article 882 of Code Ordinance No. 1468 1-mends Ordinance Nes . 788 , 848 , 874 Article 541 of Code i' I NO WELFARE NUISANCES Article 541 ARTICLE 541 Nuisance Abatement' § 541001 DEFINITIONS. For purpose of this article, words and phrases designated herein shall have the following meanings : (a) "Chief" means the Chief of the Fire Depart- ment of the City, or his authorized: agents , assistant's, deputies or representatives .. (b) "City means the City of Redlands , California . (c) "City Council" means the City Council of the City of Redlands, California. (d) "Director" means the Cites Director of Building and Safety or his authorized agents, assistants, deputies or representative's. (e) "Health Officer" means the official of the City or the County responsible for the enforcement of laws , ordinances , rules and regulations of the State , County and City relating to the public- health, sanitation, food handling and environmental health' including his authorized agents, assistants , deputies or representatives. (f) "Manager" means the City Manager of the City of Redlands, California, and, for all pro- visions of this ordinance except Section 54109 , shall include his authorized agents , assistants, deputies or representatives. (g) "Nuisance'" means any act or condition which poses a danger to health or safety or i indecent or offensive to the senses , or an obstruction to the free use of property, so as to interfere with the comfortable enjoy- ment of life or property, or which unlawfully obstructs the :free passage or use, in the customary manner, of any public park, square, street, or highway.. Ordinance No. 1834 Rage one - WELFARE NUISANCES § 54111 § 54111 . DEFINITION OF PUBLIC NUISANCES. Without limiting the general applicability of this article , the following materials and conditions are hereby declared to be public nuisances : (a) fire Hazard: All weeds, dry grasses, dead trees, combustible rubbish, or any material growing upon the streets, sidewalks, or upon private property within the City of Redlands which bears seeds of a; w.iny or downy nature, which by reason of their size , manner of growth and location consitute a fire hazard to any building, improvements crags or other property, and weeds and grasses which when dry, will in reasonable probability constitute such a fire hazard, are hereby declared to be- a. public nuisance., (b) Refuse and Waste Refuse and waste ratter are defined for the purpose of this code as unused or discarded matter or material having no substantial: market value, and which consists of such matter and material as : rubbish, refuse, debris, and matter of any, kind, including but not limitedto rubble, asphalt, concrete, plaster, tile, rocks, bricks, soil , building materials, crates , cartons, containers, boxes, machinery or parts thereof, scrap metal and atter pieces of metal, ferrous or non--ferrous, furniture or parts thereof, trimmings from plants or trees,- cans, bottles and barrels. Refuse and wastematter as defined, which by reason of its location and character is unsightly and interferes with the reasonable enjoyment of property by neighbors , detrimentally affects property values in the surrounding neighborhood or community, or which would: materially hamper or interfere with the pre- vention or suppression of fire upon the premises is hereby declared a public nuisance . c)' Polluted. Water; Polluted water is defined, forthe purpose of this code, as water contained in a swimming pool , pond.., or other body of water, which contains organic matter conducive to bacterial growth, including Ordinance No. 1834 Page two WELFARE NUISANCES § 54101 (c)' Cont algae; remains of insects, remains of deceased animals , reptiles, rubbish,, refuse, debris, papers, and any other foreign matter o material which , because of its mature or location, constitutes an unhealthy', unsafe or unsightly condition . Any swimming pool,, pond or other body of water Which is abandoned , unattended, unfiltered, or not otherwise maintained, resulting in the water 'becoming polluted as defined, shall constitute a public nuisance . (d) Stagnant Water: It is hereby declared to be a nuisance, and it shal,l be unlawful , to maintain any premises upon; which there is stagnant or still water, or a marshy condi- tion which harbors and breeds mosquitos or any other poisonous or objectionable insect. (e) Insects , Vermin: it is hereby declared to be a nuisance , and it shall be unlawful , to maintain any building, vacant lot,, premises, vehcile, or place in such a manner as to permit the breeding or harboring therein or thereon of flies, bed bugs', cockroaches, black widow spiders , lice , fleas or any other vermin.. (f) unsanitary Animals : It is hereby declared to be a nuisance, and it shall be unlawful, to keep or permit to be kept on any premises any animals, fowls, or birds in foul, offensive, obnoxious, filthy or unsanitary conditions . (g) Fowl, , Birds at Large: It is hereby declared to be a nuisance, and it shall be unlawful, to allow or permit any fowl, or birds, to run at large upon any public street, avenue, alley or place or to allow or permit the same to run at large or trespass upon any private property, ( Noisy Animals: It is hereby declared to be a nuisance, and it shall be unlawful, to keep, maintain or permit on any lot o parcel of land., any animals or fowls which by any sound or cry shall disturb the peace E Ordinance No. 1$34 Page three 4 r,t t js 4: WELFARE NUISANCES § 54010 (h) Cont . and comfort of any neighborhood, or interfere with three or more persons in the reasonable and comfortable enjoyment of life and propertmy. (i) Diseased animals. It is hereby declared to be a nuisance, and it shall be 'unlawful, to allow or permit upon any street, avenue, alley, public place or upon any unenclosed premises any animal or fowl that shall b suspected of, or that shall be known to have, any communicable disease,. (j) Sewerage on Ground: It is hereby declared to be a nuisance, and it shall be unlawful , to permit any wart of the contents of any ,privy 'vault, cesspool, septic tank, water closet, urinal, pipe, sewer line, or any sewage, slop water or any Cather filthy water, matter or substance, to flow of dis- charge upon the ground or upon the surface of any lot or premises , or in any public street or other public place. (k) 'Tree Trimmings Whereas accumulation of limbs, branches , prunings trimmings , stumps and parts of domestic or cultivated' fruit trees, cut, removed, fallen or severed from such trees are breeding places for fruit tree insect pests and diseases which endanger fruit, trees and the craps thereof, such accumulations are hereby declared to be public nuisances . (l) Infested Trees . Any commercially culti- vated fruit tree or ornamental tree or shrub infested with red, yellow, or black scale , mealy bug or other insect pests or diseases detrimental to agricultural; craps, as determined by the San Bernardino County Agricultural Commissioner, is hereby declared to be a public nuisance (m) Privies; Any privy vault maintained in violation of Article 373 of the Redlands Ordinance Code shall be deemed a public nuisance,. Ordinance No. 1834 Page four i' WELFARE FARE UISAN ES § 54101 (n) (n) Building Code Violations . All unsafe buildings , structures, or appendages, as defined in Section 84000 of the Redlands Ordinance Code, are hereby declared to be public nuisances_. (o) Zoning Ordinance Violations : Any building or structure set up, erected, constructed, altered, enlarged, converted, roved or maintained contrary to the provisions o Ordinance No. 1000 of the City of Redlands, as amended , and any use of land, building, or premises established, conducted or operated or maintained contrary to the provisions of Ordinance No. 1000 as amended, shall be and the same is hereby declared to be unlawful and a public nuisance . (p) Signs on public Property and Hazardous Signs: Every sign or advertising structure unlaw- fully on public property or declared to be hazardous or unsafe by the Director of Building and Safety is hereby declared to b a public nuisance (g) Obstructions to Water: Any structure, fence, conduit, wall , tree, masonry, pipe, lumber, or other material which obstructs or constitutes a hazard to the free flow of water through a stream_, drainage channel,; or watercourse is declared to be a public nuisance. (r) Property Maintenance; Maintenance of property or premises so out of harmony or conformity with the maintenance standards of adjacent properties as to cause substantial diminution in the enjoyment, use or property values of such properties, shall constitute a public nuisance . (s) Wrecked, dismantled, or inoperative vehicles or parts thereof on private or public pro- perty, not including highways , are hereby declared to be a public nuisance, unless such vehicle or part thereof is completely enclosed within a building in a Lawful manner where it is not visible from the street' or other public or private property or i stored or parked in a lawful manner on Ordinance No. 1034 Rage five ORRL` r WELFARE NUISANCES 54101 (s) Cont.. private property in connection with the business of a licensed dismantler, Licensed vehicle dealer, or a junkyard.; (t) Graffiti which ch is visible from adjacent properties or from a public street or right of way is hereby declared obnoxious and ar public nuisance. 54102 . EXCEPTIONS .NS. The provisions of this arti=cle shall not apply to abandoned vehicles, which are governed by Article 849 of the Redlands ordinance Code, or to substandard buildings as defined by the Uniform Housing Code, which are governed by Article 844 of the Redlands Ordinance Cade § 54103ENTRY UPON PREMISES. The Chief, Director, Health officer and Manager shall be entitled to enter buildings or premises to determine whether any act or condition may constitute a nuisance if they have reasonable cause to believe that such act or condition may exist on the property. If the building or premises are occupied, credentials shall be presented to the occupant and permission to enter must be obtained. In the event that the building or premises are secured against entry, a reasonable effort shall be made to locate the owner or other persons having charge or control over the property for permission to enter. If entry is refused, the Chief, Director, Health Officer, or Manager shall obtain such authorization as may be necessary under the circumstances t secure entry. § 54104 . FINDINGS . The Chief,, Director, Health officer, orManager,acting either in concert or independently, may examine or cause to be examined, every building, structure, yard or other premises reported as dangerous or damaged or which may constitute a nuisance, and upon examination shad forthwith make a report setting forth the condition of the same, and if necessary, their recommendation for abatement thereof. The report shall remain available for review .and inspection by the legal or equitable owners of the property to which it relates . § 54115. NOTICE OF HEARING. If the Chief, Director, Health Officer or Manager finds that any building, structure , premises or any portion thereof, constitutes a , nuisance, he shall prepare a notice in writing stating in detail, the conditions which render the building, structure, premises or portion thereof a nuisance. The notice shall set Barth the street address , if applicable, or other approri to I Ordinance No . 1834 Page six - WELFARENUISANCES § 54105 Cont. method of determining the location of the nuisance, end description sufficient for identification of the building, structure, premises or portion thereof.. Said notice hal be in substantially the foi?:o in fort, "NOTICE OF HEARING TO ABATE NUISANCE "Notice is hereby given to all persons having any intrust in the property ]mown and described as in the City of Redlands, that they should appear before the City Council of the City of Redlands at its meeting to be held on the, day of , 10 , at Safety Hall , 212 Brookside Avenue,-In—the Citi of edlahc-s California , at the hour o 7 .00 P.M. , or as soon thereafter as they may be heard , to show cause, if any they have, why certain unsafe, dangerous, hazardous of obnoxious conditions existing on said property shall not be declared a- public nuisance and said nuisance be abated by the removal or repair of said unsafe, dangerous or hazardousconditions; otherwise the same; will be removed and repaired and the nuisances will be abated by the municipal authorities of the City of Redlands, in which case the cost o such removal or repair shall.: be assessed upon the lot (s) and land, on which said unsafe, dangerous and hazardous conditions exist, and such cast will constitute a lien upon such lot (s) or land until paid, "The conditions upon said premises which cause them to be a public nuisance are as fellows : . . . . "Dated: This day of 01 l C1ty Manager, City of Redlands" § 54106 . SERVICE OF NOTICE. (1) Persons to be Served. The City Manager shall cause copies of said notice' to be served upon each of the following (a) the person, or persons , if any, occupying or in real or apparent charge and control of the premises involved; (b) the owner of the premises as shown on the most recent tax assessment roll, Ordinance No. 1.834 Pace seven 1 WELFARE NUIS NCES 54106 (c) (d) any other person or persons known by the City Manager to have an ownership or leasehold interest in the premises. (2) Persons Not Found Within City Limits : I any person entitled to notice is not found within the City limits, service shall be made by depositing a copy of said notice in the United States> Post Office , properly enclosed, in a sealed envelope and with the postage thereon fully prepaid.. Said mail shall be registered or certified, return receipt requested, and addressed to the person entitled thereto at the addresses of such: person as it appears on the last equalized assessment roll of the County or as known to the City tanager. If no address so appears or is known to the City Manager, thea a copy shall, be addressed; to such person at the address of the premises involved. Service by registered or certified mail shall be complete on the day of its deposit ,in the mail. . The failure of any owner or other person to ;receive such notice shall not affect in any mangier the validi As wx WELFARE NUISANCES 54107 (l) Cont...... evidence offered by the Chief,; Director, Health Officer, or City Manager, or ether officials or employees of the City and other gu-ali fied witnesses , as ;.ell as the pawner , or a: responsible person in charge and control of the affected premises, or his representatives, a mortgagee or beneficiary under any trust deed, lessee, any ether person having any estate or interest in said premises, and, any other competent person who may be present and desire to testify respecting the condition of the affected premises , the estimated cost of abating the alleged nuisance; by repair or removal; and any other matters which the City Council may deem pertinent, The City Council may continue the hearing from time to time as it shall deem advisable. (2) procedure: she hearing shall be conducted' informally, and the technical rules of evidence shall: not apply, except that irrelevant and unduly repetitious evidence shall be excluded During the course of the hearing, the City Council may visit and inspect any premises involved in the pro- ceeding and may thereat receive oral testimony of any sworn or unsworn witness (3) Decision. Upon conclusion of the hearing, the City Council shall consider the evidence presented: and shall by written ,resolution make written findings of fast., based upon the evidence, to support its decision and by said same resolution shall make its deter- mination and conclusion with respect to the alleged public nuisance , The resolution shall be passed and adopted by the City Council within thirty (30) days of the close of said hearing, and copies thereof shall be delivered to all interested parties. Failure of the owner or Cather persons having any interest in the affected premises to appear atorbe represented at the hearing shall in no way affect the, validity thereof'.: ordinance No. 1834 Frage nine k 3, WELFARE; NUISANCES 54108 541.08. ORDER TO ABATE. If, from the evidence received at the hearing, the City Council determines that the premises or any portion thereof are unsafe or dangerous and public nuisance, then it shall by resolution carder the nuisance: abated The order shall set forth the following: (a) A statement of the particulars which render the premises obnoxious or unsafe and a public nuisance_, (b) A statement of the things required to be done to abate the nuisance (c) The time within which the work required t abate rust be commenced, which shall be not less than. ten (10) days after the passage and adaption of the resolution, (d) A reasonable time within which the required abatement shall be completed,. (e) That the occupant, lessee, or gatherperson in possession or charge, or any mortgagee, beneficiary under any deed of trust, or other person having an interest or estate in said: premises, may at his sawn risk, abate the nuisance, (f) The City Manager shall cause copies of the resolution to be posted upon the premises involved and served in the Manner and upon; the persons prescribed in Section 54106. The City Clerk shall immediately after passage of said resolution and order cause a. certified copy thereof to be recorded: in the Office of the Recorder, San Bernardino County, State of California; (g) Whenever an order to abate a public nuisance upon premises, or any portion thereof, has not been complied with within the time set by the City Council, the City Manager shall: have the power, in addition to any gather remedy provided for in this article, to (1) Cause the premises to be vacated until such time as the nuisance has been abated; Ordinance No. 1534 Page ten 5` e WELFARE NUISANCES 5 4,1 (g) (2 ( ) Cause the nuisance upon the premises, or any portion thereof, to be abated and the premises restored to a safe condition. Immediately upon completion of said abatement, they City Manager shall cause notice of said coimpletion to be recorded in the Office of the County Recorder, San Bernardino County, State of California_. Nothing herein shall prevent the City from contracting with an independent contractor to perform such work as may be necessary to abate the nuisance. 54109. IMMEDIATE HAZARDS. Any condition which poses an immediate hazard to public health and safety shall be determined and declared by the City Manager Police Chief or Fire Chief to be an immediate hazard. In such event, the City Manager, Police Chief or Fire Chief may take immediate action to abate the hazard, without notice to the owner, lessee, person having custody or charge of the premises. involved, or any other interested person, and without the necessity of a hearing thereon by the City Council. However, such immediate action shall be limited to such action as the City Manager, Police Chief or Fire Chief deems reasonably necessary in his discretion, to eliminate the immediate hazard or to protect persons or property from immediate injury or damage. any further action to abate a nuisance which does not pose an immediate hazard to public health and safety shall be taken only in accordance with the procedures set: forth in this article . 54110 . REPORT OF COSTS The Chief , Director, Health, Officer, or City Manager shall keep an account of the cost (including' incidental expenses) of abating any nuisance or immediate hazard on each separate lot or parcel of land where the work has been clone, and upon completion of the abatement he shall cause to be prepared and filed with. the City Council an ,itemized report specifying the following. (a ' The work performed (b) The cost of the work, including any salvage value and incidental expenses, (c) A description of the real property upon which the nuisance or immediate hazard was located; (d) The names and addresses of the persons entitled to notice pursuant to the pro- visions of this article, Ordinance No. 1834 4 Page eleven - WELFARE NUISANCES § 54110 (e) (e) The assessment against each lot or parcel of land proposed to be levied to pay the cost thereof. Any such report may include work performed on any number of parcels of pro- perty, whether or not contiguous to each other. The term "incidental expenses" includes, but is not limited to, the expenses and costs of the City in the preparation of notices, specifications and contracts, inspection of the work, reports of title search and the costs of printing, mailing and serving papers required under this article. § 54111. NOTICE OF HEARING ON COSTS . Upon filing of the report by the Chief, Director., Health Officer or City Manager with the City Clerk, the City Clerk shall transmit it to the City Council and the City Council shall fix the day, hour, and place when it will hear and pass upon the report, together with any objections or protests which may be raised by any property owner liable to be assessed for the cost of such abatement, and any other interested persons . At least ten (10) days before the date set for hearing, the City Clerk shall cause copies of the report and a notice of the filing of the report, containing a description of the property suffi- cient to enable the personz; served to identify it and specifying the day, hour and place when the City Council will hear and pass upon the report, and any objections or protests thereto, to be posted and served in the manner and upon the persons set forth in Section 54106 . A copy of the notice shall be published once at least ten (10) days prior to the date set for the hearing in a daily newspaper published and circulated within the City. § 54112. HEARING ON COSTS. Any person interested in and affected by the proposed assessment may file written protests or objections with the City Clerk at any time prior to the hour and date set for the hearing on the report. Each such protest or objection must contain a description of the property in which the signer thereof is interested and the grounds of such protest or objection. Upon the day and hour fixed for the hearing, the City Council shall hear and pass upon the report, together with any objections or protests which may be raised by any property owner liable to be assessed for the cost of abatement, and any other interested persons. The City Council may make such correction, revision or modification in the report as it may deem Just, and when the City Council is satisfied of the correctness of the assessment, the report as submitted, or as revised, corrected or modified, together Ordinance No. 1834 Page twelve - IN WELFARE NUISANCES § 54112 Cont. with the assessment, shall be confirmed by resolution . The decision of the City Council on the report and the assessment and on all protests or objections shall be final and conclusive. The City Council may adjourn the hearings from time to time. § 54113 . SPECIAL ASSESSMENTS. The amount of the cost of abating the nuisance or the immediate hazard upon each lot or parcel of land, including incidental expenses , as confirmed by the City Council, constitutes a special assess- ment against each such lot or parcel of land, and as thus made and confirmed shall also become the personal obligation of the owner of each said lot or parcel of land. Said assessment shall be due and payable thirty (3 0) days from the date of confirmation thereof, and thereafter shall bear interest at the legal rate of interest until paid. Said confirmed special assessment shall also constitute a lien on said property for the amount of such assessment until paid. § 54114. NOTICE OF LIEN. Immediately upon con- firmation of the assessment, the City Clerk shall cause to be filed in,.the Office of the County Recorder of San Bernardino County, State of California, a Notice of Lien in substantially the following form: "Notice of Lien "Pursuant to the authority contained in Chapter 54 of the Redlands Ordinance Code, City of Redlands, California, the City of Redlands did, on the day of ,< 19 , cause a nuisance to be abated on the real property---H—erein.-a-fter` described and did, on the day of , 19 , by Resolution No. . assess the cost of such aba ement upon said real property hereinafter described . Of said cost there remains unpaid to the City of Redlands the sum of Dollars ($ ) , and therefore said_Z��ityof Redlands does hereby cIalm—ai_'11en upon said real property in the amount of Dollars ($-- ) , together with interest calculated thereon at the legal rate of interest from the day of , 19 , until said amount has been paid in full and this�lien discharged of record. Ordinance No. 1834 Page thirteen - aNMI WELFARE NUISANCES 54114 "The real property hereinbefore mentioned and upon which a lien is _hereby claimed is that certain parcel or parcels of real property situated in the City of Redlands, County of San Bernardino,. State of California , and more particularly des- cribed as follows Bated: This day of 19 CITY OF REDLANDS ATTEST: By: Mayor C! ty Clerl �' 54115 . COLLECTION WITH TAXES. After the con- firmation orafir ation of said Report of Cost and Assessment, a certified copy of said confirmed special assessment, which remains unpaid, shall be filed with the :Assessor and Tax Collector of San Bernardino County acting for the City of Redlands in order that said County Officials may enter the amount of the assessment on the appropriate assessment book opposite the description of; the particular property. Thereafter such amount shall be collected at the same time and in the same manner as genual: City taxes are collected, and shall be subject to the same penalties and interest, and the same procedure under fore- closure and sale in case of delinquency, as provided by law for City taxes. All laws and ordinances applicable to the leery, collection: and enforcement of City taxes are grade applicable to such special assessment_. 54116 . UNLAWFUL INTERFERENCE. It is unlawful for any person to obstruct, impede or interfere with ;any officer, agent or employeee of the City of Redlands or with any person who owns or holds any estate or interest in any premises, or any portion thereof, upon which there is a nuisance which has been ordered to be aerated, or with any person to whom said. premises have been lawfully sold pursuant to the provisions of this article, when any such officer, agent, employee, pur- chaser or person having an interest or estate in such premises is engaged in abating a nuisance or immediate hazard thereon,, or in performing any necessary act preliminary to or incidental to such work, or authorized or directed pursuant thereto.. 54117. t41BE NCR. The owner or other person having charge and control over any premises determined to be unsafe or dangerous and a public nuisance , or who fails to comply with any order to abate any nuisance or immediate hazard Ordinance No. 1834 Rage fourteen - WELFARE NUISANCES § yy5++YY417 thereon, is guilty of a misdemeanor. The occupant or lessee in possession who fails to comply with any orderto vacate premises, or any portion thereof, in accordance with any order given as provided for in this a`t—icle, is guilty of a mis- demeanor. is-d mea.n:or. Any person who removes any notice or resolution posted, as required in this article, is guilty of a misde- meanor . 54113 . PUNISHIKENT. Any person violating any of the pro-visions of this article is guilty of a- misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punishable by a fine not exceeding Five Hundred Dollars (;500 .00) or by imprisonment for not exceeding six ( ) months, or by both such fine and imprisonment. 54119 . NON-LIABILITY. The provisions of this article shall not be construed to hold the City of .Redlands or any employee thereof responsible for any damage to persons or property by reason of the inspections authorized herein, by reason of the determination that a nuisance or immediate hazard exists can any ,premises in accordance with the provisoes herein, or by reason of any of the procedures or processes related, to the actual abatement thereof. 54120INVALIDITY If any section, sentence, clause or phrase of this article* is for any reason held to be invalid or unconstitutional, the remaining portions of the Article shall not be affected thereby. This article and each section, sentence, clause and phrase thereof would have been prepared, proposed, adopted, approved and ratified irrespective- of this fact that any one or more other sections, sentences , clauses or phrases could be declared invalid or unconstitu- tional . nconstitu-tional . i I ordnance No. 1834 Page fifteen KA RW I TM SECTION TWO: Articles 303 and 582 of the Redlands Ordinance Code are hereby repealed* SECTION THREE. Ordinance No 1468 of theCit o Redlands is hereby repealed. SECTION `CUR This ordinance shall be in force and take effect, as provided by law., SECTION `ITE: The City Clerk shall certify to the adoption of this ordinance and cause it to be published once in the Redlands Daily Facts, a newspaper; of general circulation printed and ;published in this city. 61 Mayor of the City of Redlands ATTEST: I )" Cit` Clerk , 1 , Lcrrie Rayer, City Clerk, City of Redlands , hereby certify: that the foregoing ordinance was duly adopted by the City Council at a regular meeting thereof helm on the 21st day of February, 1984 , by the following vote . AYES: Councilmembers Johnson, IeMirjyn, Larsen; Mayer Beswick NOES None ABSENT: Councilman Martinez City)Clerk Ordinance No. 1834 Rage sixteen